Imaging Experiments
Reproducing The Effective Field Of The Microscopic Imager - Part 3
| This was a
placement that did not look anything like the MER images.
The rocks were placed or dropped onto the sand and looked very artificially placed. Shaking the setting helped, but the overall look was contrived or artificial. Clearly, the material in the microscopic images was not simply dropped into the soil surface- it had to "weather" into it to produce the look it has. |
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| Here I compressed
the materials from above to press them into the sand. Again, the
resulting image is not at all convincing. It has some unappealing
sort of look that in no way reproduces the microscopic imager data.
This indicates that the material in the real images was not simply mashed into the Martian soil. Rather, it supports the idea that some other process placed it in its setting. Also, in both of these images, it is very clear that the sand, while close in color and grain size to the actual Martian soil, is not even close in its dynamics. It shows absolutely no clumping or cohesion. It is literally desiccated and has no inter-granule stickiness. This would lead one to consider that Martian soil might in fact be damp. |
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| I added some
crushed magnetite to supply darker granules and some crushed white
quartzite to supply lighter granules. After mixing the rocks
thoroughly with this modified red sand, the results were not very
different but did look better overall.
Once the mixture was shaken a few times to allow the rocks to rise to the surface, low volume air was blown over it to simulate the effects of wind. This did improve the appearance greatly, although the soil still did not have to clumping or consistency of real Martian soil. This is a 30% scaled image of the original 1024 x 960 shot. |
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| Zooming in on the
wind-blown image shows much better granule appearance and overall look of
the image. This is a clear improvement that can be seen in this
close-up shot.
We can now see many of the artifacts that show up in the original images when they are magnified. One such artifact is the "linear" features that appear to be made of granules aligned in grooves or similar patterns. This makes a clear statement that we cannot rely on this low resolution data to tell the story as we might expect. Some false conclusions can be drawn due to the image data suggesting structures that are not in fact present in the real world. |
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The conclusions here are clear- the microscopic imager seems to be no different in operation from any typical digital camera, except for the production of monochrome images of a fixed format. This is easy to model and understand.
The appearance of the material chosen to model the imager fields is close enough to provide us with some clues about what we should avoid and what we should pay attention to- in applications where the individual pixels are significant in proportion to the overall feature in question, we can see that artifacts can arise that indicate structure and detail that in fact are not exist.
Finally, the texture and action of the Martian soil is very different from that of dry sand. However, the particle size is clearly consistent with the material that I selected to represent Martian soil in these test images. Some process other than "silt caking" is responsible for the cohesive properties of Martian soil, and the simplest explanation would be that some agent is causing rather typical grains to stick together. This agent might be salt (which is now proven to be present in significant quantities in the soil) or it might be water.
The real answer is very likely a combination of the two; i.e., the presence of dampness in the form of brine. Salts are typically hygroscopic and draw moisture from their environment to themselves, becoming sticky. For table salt, many people add a few grains of rice to act as a desiccant and keep the salt from caking.
This hypothesis would seem to be borne out through experience with damp beach sand, which has almost identical cohesion properties with Martian soil.